Shock-absorber.



G. C. MARTIN.

SHOCK ABSORBER.

APPLICATION FILED Nov. 4, 1909.

Patented May 30, 1911.

2 SHEETS-SHBET 1.

-. STATES To allwhom it may] concern:

4rnrnirr OFFICE.. j-

Gnonen cUsHINe-MARTIN, or Los faltantes, CALIFORNIA.

SHOCK-ABSORBEB.

Be it known that L'Gnonon CUsniNc MAR"n TIN, a citizen of the United States, residing 'at-Los Angeles, in the co and State of California, have invented a new and useful Shock-Absorber, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to that class of y shock absorbers in which mechanism is arranged to allow relatively movable bodiesl asavehicleframe and vehicle axle tomove toward each otherj-readily with eompara tively slight .resistance and from each other .Slowly against 'comparatively great resistance so that when a vehicle goes over an' irregularity on the road the axles move I readily upward to compress the springs toward the vehicle immo,

* mechanism. of theshock absorber becomes the automobiles are required to stand frequent- I outwardlyagainst an annular rim and in operative to hold the axle and frame from f speedily separating so that the tension of springs can only be lrelieved slowly vowing to'the resistance of the shock -absorber,. thus avoiding all tendency of the vehicle springs-to toss the vehicle body.

Shock absorbers capable of effective use on 4and great strains and it is desirable that they shall be as compact and light as possible. This shock absorberV relates to that class of shock absorbers in which pressure is exerted this invention a'floating segmental shoe havr terminate Inovem'entpf the Loggle. bar after of frequent adjustments to take ing an external surface conforming to the internal. surface of the annular rim is ern- `ployed and the Contact of said shoe with said rim-.is effected by a toggle bar interpose"hetween a central support and the shoe; member'of a toggle joint, and suiiici'ent re- 'siliency being provided for between the central support .and the shoe 'to allow a'deeffective clutching' friction has' occurred between the shoejanel the rim.

The demands upon the clutch of the sli-oel;

absorber are not only forcefulbut are of rapid occurrence and-the movements to eiect and to release the frictional :grip are extremely minute, and for this 'reasonany slight 'wear or other eliect tending to distort the rim Visrapidly multiplied until the shock absorber becomes inoperative, and an object of this invention is t0 prevent' any-such dis# tortion of the rim and to avoid thenecessity up thejwear,

unty of Los Angeles whereupon the l Patented May 30, 1911. No. 526,260.

and also to provide practical means for tgklng up any Wear which may occur, n

. It is essential in.- constructing a; k, A absorber toproyide means which" wil1 not 6| absolutely prevent-the returnof-thespring, but which will permit thespring toreturn f1' -gently and atthe sametime-srelystoits normal position, after it has heendepiessed. under the vehicle body. Whore-thisiswcomplished by means of friction the 'fric-'y tion must'be applied with a considerable de 1" grec of resiliency; otherwise the tendeiicy ,1 either to preventthe spring from recovering -its normal position or to permit. the's i'in'gh70A to recoil with a snap; Where the friction isiapplied through non-resilient means" iifina'y he assumed that anadjustment'may lieniade which will accomplishthe desired result forf' saidbar being capable of action as a a single'recoil :or throw ofthe -s-p.r i1'1g.` It'.75-A must be obvious, however, that' eachiiiaction of the spring, unless. thejfrictionefectin' wear, reduce-the friction and' in 'a short time render it ineffective to suiiicientlyiretardthe SQP' tendency of the vehicle spring to-'recoil with uncomfortable vigor.- Where the friction 'Y is applied in resilient manner as -used in this invention the resiliency adapts itself toA the wear4 and makes it'unnecessary to `secure.. a top delicate adjustment, and causes-.the'f requisite 'adjustment to remain eifective for. a considerable period.;A The object -of this invention is to provide. neat,- simple, strong, cheap, easi1y-"'e i1'' structed and'easily applied means 'bywh'icl resistance in one direction and freedom-g '.f.' movement in the otherdirecton .attaineklf in .the most practical manner.' 'Ifhe invention may. ,be Vcarried various'ways. .1 The accompanying drawings illustrate the" invention in some of the'forms in which it may be embodied. f

Figure 1 ,is a absorber embodyingthis invention 'fand-a plied to a vehicle, a fragment of which lsf shown. Fig. 2 is "a section on line w?, Fdg, 1,-looking. 1n the direction of the arrowt.` Fig. 3 is a, section in the directionof the arrow. F i@ is a invention a form diiferent vshow11 "in.l`igs.'2 andl 3.1. Fig; 5 is 'a .tional viewj of a shock absorber provided'lm with shoes' arranged .to move inwardl'yfto. apply 'the braking friction.

means is resilient in .its nature, will,.t hr0i1 one in 3.6*

side elevation' of a. 'shock 10,0

on line ma, Figi` g section of a shock absorber embodying th 1 from lthat Fig. 6 is ;a sideA elevation of" a shock absorber embodying ,the invention in another form as the same appears -when connected Witha vehicle, fragments of which are shown. Fig. '7 is asection `on line x7,- Fig. 6 looking down- Ward in the directionA of the arrow. Fig. 8 is a fragmental s'ideelevat-ion looking at Fig. 7 from below.` The nut is omitted, portions are broken away and other portions arev sectioned to. illustrate'` internal construction.- Fig. 9 is a section and 8. Fig. 10 is a section on line 'm1-0, Fig. '7 on enlargedscale. y

fThef'j-invention. comprises two relatively 15 `rotatable memb'ers each of which may be constructed of one or more parts, a shoe, and resilient toggle means operatable by relative .rotation of said members to cause the shoe n toirictionally engage oneor the other of said members to offer high resistance to such relative 'rotationV of the members' in one direction and to relieve such resistance and allow comparatively free relative vrotation in' the other direction. he relatively rotatable members as constructed and arranged in this applianceare cylindrical and concentricin their nature and maybe variously constructed.

' Referring'tirst to the formshown in Figs. .1, 2 and 3, and as further exemplified in Fig. 4, vthe outer member 1 is an annular shell or ring to which are fixed arms 2, 3, by means of eyesl, 5, through which the arms 2, 3, are

' passed, the'same being secured by nuts. 6

screwedon the ends of said arms that are threaded for that purpose. In Figs. 1 2, 3, 4 the shell is provided internally with -a 4smooth frictional face 7 against which the i fioatingsegmental shoes 8 having fiber faces 9 fastened by studs, pins or rivets 10. are.. conforming externally `with the annular -frictional face 7. The number of. shoes .may Vbe .varied according to the Work required. 'lreferably shoes are arranged in opposition to each other around the axis of rotation so that the pressureis equalized around such axis. In Figs. 3 and 4fl there are lfour shoesand said shoes are movable 5.0 radially Within the shell or ring 1 and unitedly constitute an cxpansible cylinder to fit vthe internal cylindrical face of tbc ring.

arranged to frictionally engage'said shoes on line x9, Figs. 7 so 'thatthe toggle bars are pivotallycon- I g i 1 Thefmember which is rotatable relative to y the ringl in Figs l, 2, 3, and 4, comprises a hollow body 11 'which is fixed to two heads 12,13, being castintegral with one of the heads .12, and fastened to the other head 13 by rivets 14, so that the tivo heads and lthe body must rotate together. lubody 11 is 50 externally recessed to form radial arms 15,.v and`-is provided internally ivith a chamber "16', the Walls of,which are provided with `"slots 17 to receive tapering slips 13 adapted -to` beengagcd by a Wedge 19 which is cary ,6,5 vried inside the chamber 16 by means of ad` `8. The toggle joint includes justing bolts 2Ov and 21,'the heads of which are on the outside of the heads 12 and 13.

The Wedge 19 is preferably fi'usto-pyramiclal` sockets for the inner edges 'or ends of toggle bars 22, Which'cdges are ,preferably convex nectedwith the slips.

,The'outer edges of the toggle-bars are arranged in pivotal relation to the a resilient member.' In the form shown in F i'gs.'2 'and 3, the resilient members of the toggle joints consist of leaf` springs 24 that are seated in recesses in the inner faces of the shoes 8. Said leaf springs are provided with perforations 26 to'receive pins 27 that project from the outer edges of the toggle bars 22, so that a leaf spring'2t and a toggle bar 22 together form a resilient toggle device.

In the' form shown in Figs. 4; and 5, another form of the resilient toggle device is shown, the toggle bars in these views being resilient` bow-shaped plates .22 made preferably voi" spring steel. Resilient means are provided to force said toggle-joints into Said means, as shown moperable position. Figs.' 3, 1 and 5, consist of coilsprings .28 arranged in the recesses 29 in Figs. 3 and4 and 29' 'in Fig. 5 between the ,radial arms 15, and in recesses 29. Said recesses accommodatethe ltoggle' bars and their operative springs. l

The radial arms 15 constitute stops to prevent the toggle-bars from passing radial position so that when relative rotation occurs between the two members the maximum pressure of theshoe may be attained and when atta-ined will be maintained .until the act-ual relative rotation of the members in that direction has ceased. The stop is arbrake shoes',

retard the recoilaction of the vehiclespring without preventing such recoil.

The Wedge 19 maybe adjusted to spread the slips 18 apart, tension oi the toggle device and thereby increase the pressure of the' brake-shoeson the inner surface'of the ring 1. This'may be done by loosening the bolt 21 and tightening the bolt 20.' A reverse operationvivill loosenthe tension of thesprings and consequently the 'friction of the shoes on the ring 1, 4

.The heads 12 and 13 are provided Withv angular bosses30 two side arms l32, 33, the same being held in place by screws 34. pivoted by a universal joint 35 to clip 36 fastened'to the axle 37 of the vehicle, and the arms32, 33, are pivoted by the universal thereby tto-increase the Thearms 2, 3, are

core 41 that is fastened toheads,

' jana es t6 bracket 39' fastened-w che frame .40'01 the vehicle which' is supported by the .sprin 'form shown in Fig. 5, the shoes 8f are arranged to engage-acy indrical body or not shown,

f slmilar to the heads '12,13 in Fig.' 2.1-The4 springs 28 and resilient toggle bars 22- cor,-

respond to the elements bearing the charac. Aters 28 and 22 in Fig. 4. Relative rotation of thelring 1 and member l5 in Fig. 5

results in applying 'thebrake in one direction andreleasing it inthe other direction.

-' @In any of the forms shown in Figs. 1, 2,

l3,14 and 5, when relative rotation occurs in one' direction as indicated by the long arrows shown in Figs. 3 and`4, the shoes 8, travel with the 'rings 1 carrying the toggle-bars away from radial position as indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 4, thus relieving the friction between the ring 'and' shoes.' .'Re-

verse movements of the parts restore the friction asthe toggle bars vapproach radial 8, 9 and io, the' reggia' joint'.

material and are fastened'together bya bolt and nut 4 4, 4,5. The'bolt- 44 is angular in cross-section a-nd tits the apertures 46, 47, i'n

theheads 4 2, '43,A so that said heads are held' in' non-rotative relation to eachother. Friction'disks 48, 49, 50 and 51 are provided with like annular orifices 52 to fit the bolt so that said disks, sa'id head and said -bolt practically form a single member which ro- "tat'es'relative to the other'memberwhich is composed ofV the ring 53, an internal body 54; a friction disk'55 iixed thereto by pins 5 6 and-'a toggle-joint mechanism comprising ,shoes 57,toggle bars 58 pivoted together by alpivotO and provided with arms' 61,62, pressed apar't by acoil spring 63 to hold the toggle joint in operable posltion. The pivots .purpose of making two disks tio'n ,60 'extend throu h the hinges of the .togglejoints into the ody '54 so that.the-toggle-- bars 58'are' carried by said body and rotated therewith, while'the shoes 57 are in frictionalengagement with the oppositely arranged internal friction disks "and 51 an'd'conse-r quently will tend .to bolt 44 and theheads 42', 4 3. The friction disks 48 and 50 are practically a unit and the same is true of friction disks 49and 51. The and interpos-L ing between them the friction disk which is fixed to the internal body 54 is simply to increase the frictionalsurfacebetween, and consequently `the resistance to relative rotaof the two relativelyrotatable members whenthe toggle-joints are operated t'o force theshoes 57 away from each other, the principle of thel operation being 'that when the arms 67, 68, in Fig. 6, correspond to the arms apply the pressure towardthe heads 42 and ,43, which are made of resilient 'which will prevent ing pressure against rotate'with the angular are relatively bod 454 'and the-element 'comprising' the' hea s 42, 43, and bolt and'nut 44 and 45 are relatively rotated in one direction the pivot 60 of the to gle-'joint'operates to move the hinge of' sai joint toward the. coilsprings' .63, the tendency ofthe shoes 57 being to move the ends of the toggle-bars in the op# f posite direction, this ten en cy being also accentuated by the sprin'gs63 which are held in (place between thearms 61, and 62 by stu s 64 projecting frornsaid arms.' -Thus rotation in one direction causes increased resistance to' such rotation and rotation in the other-.direction relieves' the pressure and the' resistance. The arms 65, 66, and the 32,33, in Eig.. 1.

By employing floating shoes 8' that are free tomove-both circumferentially and radially, the curved outer' faces of theffshoes. may at all times fit the f rictional.-face 7 without any tendency. to gouge, indent, distor't or nnequally'wear the same, and consequently the wearlwhioh occurs between -said faces is practically negligible, being ordinarily taken up bythe resilient'. elementsof the toggle-jdint, and when the wear becomes noticeable 'it is taken' 'up by adgusting the wedge, theobject being toprovi mechanism which willalmost instantaneouslyexert 'its maximum clutching effect in 4s'u'tiici'ent.degree topermit a relative rota-7 .tion of thepar'ts when actuatedl by' s uilici'e'nt" 'g timeand inY connection; '100 l force and at the same therewith `the radial arms l5f-providegstops `the -toggle4 joint from passing yond radial position.l

1'; Tw'o lelatively rotatable '-membeis, a fica-ting shoe between said members and frictionally engaging one of saidmembers, and resilmnt means including a toggle joint andarran'ged between the shoe and the other member, 'and foperatable by relative rotation o f said members toforce the shoe ,withyieldthe member with which i the shoe engages.

42.v Two 'relatively rotatable members, ra-

dially. movable shoes, and resilient toggle v' nieansoper'atable-by relative rotation-of said.

members to move said shoes radiallyto frictionall'y engage one of saidmelnbers.

3. Two relatively rotat ablen`1embers', a yshoe between said .members and 'a toggle joint between the shoe and one of said members, said' shoe being adapted to'frictinally engage one o fsaid members and said toggle .joint being resilient .and operatable -by the' other of said members to press, the Ashoe against the first' member when said/ members are relatively rotated in one direction and to release the pressure when the members rotated in theother direction. 4. Two relatively rotatable members,

shoe's between` said.- mernbers and resilient 130 v .togglejoints between thelslioesand one of saidmembers, said 'shoes vbeing adapted to frictionally engage one of said members, and said toggle lioints being operatable by the otlierfof said members to press the shoes against the Erst member when said members are relativelyrotated in4 one direction' and to release the pressure when the members are relatively rotated in the o her direction. 5. TwoA relatively? rotatable members, shoes between said members and arranged'toen#` gage .one of said members and oppositely ar'- raiigedresilient toggle joints between the members, said oints being opera'table by relative rotation of the members to cause resistance to relative rotation of said members in Aone l inaction.A

fio

G. Two relatively rotatable members, shoes" between said members and arranged to engage one of lid. members, oppositely ar.

bars in radial positions to move said-shoes,

radially.

In a shock absorber the ncombination .i one element, of a second element, said elements being relatively rotatable, a shoe in frietional engagement with one of the elements. resilient toggle means between the shoe andV the second element and operatable by the relative'rot-ation of theelemen'ts and the friction of the shoe on the second ele ment. to advance toward and recede from ra.- dial positionyand a stop to prevent the toggleaneans from advancing beyond radialv position. i l

9. A shock, absorber comprising two relatively rotatablemembersa, floating shoe, resilient meansoperatablc byf the' relative ro: tation of said members to forcethe shoe into engagement with oneof saidmembers and means to adjust lsaid operatable means `*to increase. or decreasefthe force with which said shoe is optratedt 10. In ashock absorber, two relatively rota table members, radiallyinovableshoes, radially adjustable resilient means operatable l by relative rotation ofsaid members to move said shoes radially to frictionally engage one of said members, and means to adjust the tension of said radially adjustable means.

l1.' In ai shock'absorber,t\vo relatively robers, resilient toggle-jointsbetween the shoes and one of said members; saidshoes being conformed to the face of f ne of ,said mem- @the other of saidmembers to press the shoes 'against Asaid face when Ivsaid members are relatively rotated in one direction and to release the pressure when the members are means to 'adjustxthe tension vof said toggle joints to increase the pressure. f

l2. In a shockfabsorber, two relatively rotatable members, ioating shoes between said members, resilient means 'operatable by a relative'rotation of said' members to fore: the shoes into frictional engagement with one. of 'said members upon relative-'rotation of the members in one direction,and to retion in the other direction; al wedge ano means to operate the wedge toforce the toggle-joint outward radiallj. y

13. In a shock absorber, two relatively r'otat'ablel members, floating shoes between said members, resilient means o peratable by a relative rotation of said members to force the shoes into frietional engagement withone ot said membersA upon relative rotation of the members in one direction, and to ielieve'such engagement upon' relative rotation in the other direction, wedging means, and means to move the wedging means axially relative to said members to force the toggle-bars radially outward. i

14. The combination with 'a vehicle axle and a vehicle frame of two concentric members connected with the fame and axle respectively, a floating shoe between theniembers, a resilient toggle-bar between the shoe and one of said members and springs bevbers to limit the deiection of 4the toggle-bar.

o'if-.two members, a shoe between the meinbe 1"s ,"and means effecting resilient articulationfdf the shoe with one of the mein- 4bers and comprising a. resilient -toggle-bar and avxspring.

16. A shock absorber compiiising two Arelativelv yrotatable members and means frictionalfy and resiliently conneci ing said two ,members saidv connection comprising a toggle-joint and a brake shoe.

' In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand atY Los Angeles, Californi ,e this 29th day of October, 1909. GEO. .CUSHING MAnTiN.

In :presence 0f-A Jail/ins R. TowNsnNn,

L. BELLE Rios:

tatable members, slices between said memrelatively rotated in the other direction; andl lieve suclrengagement upon. relative rota`-- tween .the toggle bar and one of said memers,-said toggle-joints being operatable'. by

-`l5,. In. a shock absorberl the combination 

